मानव दूध के सूचित बंटवारे के लिए संसाधन

When full screening is not available, donor health status is unknown, or to reduce the potential risks of exposure to HIV and/or other रोगज़नक़ों, there are two methods that can easily be used for home pasteurization.

Holder pasteurization
(Low-Temperature Long Time – 62.5°C/145°F for 30 minutes)

Holder pasteurization is considered the standard¹ for human and cow’s milk pasteurization. It has been shown to inactivate pathogens while maintaining adequate nutritious properties. हालाँकि, given its longer time-temperature curves, this method damages more of the रोगाणुरोधी factors² of स्तन का दूध than would flash pasteurization.³

This method of pasteurization can be done by parents or caregivers on the stovetop, or with a home pasteurizer kit for human milk. Some may decide they want to buy commercial-grade pasteurizers which are also available.

Explanation of how to perform Holder pasteurization at home.

Flash-heating
(High-Temperature Short Time – (72ºC/161.6ºF for 15 seconds)

Flash-heating is a low-tech method of pasteurizing breastmilk that was developed for those who are HIV positive in developing countries that had no safe or affordable alternatives for feeding their infants.⁴ में पढ़ता है⁵ इज़राइल-बल्लार्ड के नेतृत्व में एक शोध दल द्वारा,⁶ ⁷ ⁸ दिखाया है कि एफएच ब्रेस्टमिल्क एचआईवी को निष्क्रिय करता है और 4 आम बैक्टीरिया.⁹

Explanation of how to perform the Flash-heat method of pasteurization at home.

Cooling down heat-treated milk

Cooked foods have a danger zone,¹⁰ a temperature range from 60ºC (41˚F) to 21.1ºC (140˚F) where bacteria like to grow. It is therefore important to cool the milk down quickly after it has been heated. Cooling the container in ice water¹¹ is the quickest way to cool milk. Depending on the amount of milk, cooling it in the refrigerator is generally not recommended as the milk may cool down unevenly,¹² leaving some milk too warm for too long. Please know that not all glass is suited for heating and rapid cooling.

Reusing heat-treated milk

In the study on bacterial safety, क. इज़राइल-बल्लार्ड, और अन्य. discuss that after cooling, flash-heat was successful in eliminating bacteria in the majority of samples, and prevented substantial growth for up to 8 h when stored at room temperature.

A study from 2013 concludes that “HIV-positive mothers living without access to refrigeration can be reassured that heat-treated breastmilk is safe for their infant to drink for up to 24 h after flash heating.“¹³

Milk banks recommend that donor human milk be used within the next 48 घंटे.¹⁴

It should be noted that most literature speaks in terms of heating expressed milk for feeding but that parents generally warm the (thawed) milk under running warm water or set it in a container in warm water for a short while to get the chill out of it. Gently warming should not be considered heat-treating. For optimal properties of breastmilk, reheating (warming) milk should not be done directly in a pan on the stovetop nor in a container set in boiling water on the stovetop (which would be heat-treating it unnecessarily).

Heat-treated (pasteurized) milk can be refrigerated or frozen following common food safety protocols. We suggest, तथापि, that after a first feeding, milk that was heat-treated not be refrigerated and reheated again as anti-bacteriological properties can decline with increased handling.

अगला: Holder pasteurization explained

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